The possibility that early bilingualism affects children???s language and cognitive development has long been a concern for parents and educators. Lately, this has emerged as a crucial concern for modern societies and Canada in particular. In addition to the official commitment to a national policy of second-language acquisition and bilingualism, immigration has transformed Canada into a rich multilingual and multicultural nation. Public schools, especially in urban centers, are home to large numbers of children for whom English or French is a second language. Therefore, it is imperative that we understand the impact of these language backgrounds on children???s cognitive and educational futures.