This document, part of a series focusing on the way ELLs are evaluated and approached by teachers and administrators, is organized into three sections. The first section provides an overview with important background information on the inclusion of ELLs in large-scale assessments and the role of language in content-area assessments. The second section contains background information on accommodations, including the complementary concepts of effectiveness and validity, as they relate to proposed accommodations. Teh final section is composed of descriptions of the most common accommodations that have been studied in the empirical research and conduct a quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis) of this research in order to determine those accommodations that are currently known to be most effective.
