This review of 2003 research focuses on the consequences of trauma, variables such as risk and protective factors, and intervention strategies and treatments. Studies revealed that trauma brings high risk for behavioral, psychological and neurobiological problems; and that social support may be a protective factor. The article states that the studies raise questions conerning validity of diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, comorbidity with anxiety, depressive disorders, and childhood traumatic grief symptoms. It discusses vulnerability and protective factors such as gender, age and social support. There is also an examination of research problems on studies regarding trauma and children.
