This nine-page document reports the activities of UNHCR to protect and serve unaccompanied and separated children, in compliance with UNGA resolution 54/145. The report includes a concise rationale for using the term separated children, as well as new developments in family tracing and reunification, the Separated Children in Europe Programme, the ARC training program, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, internally displaced children, military recruitment of children, sexual violence toward and exploitation and abuse of children, strengthening the field network of UNHCR, the girl child, adoption of separated children, and child-headed households. Although formal in tone, this document is evidence of the importance paid by UNGA to the needs of separated children and provides a summary of UNHCR programmatic efforts on behalf of this population.