Part I of this chapter provides an overview of some of the major challenges that refugee and asylum-seeking children and their families face. Part II discusses assessment and intervention, including sections on diagnostic issues and transcultural concerns (related to mental health), recommendations to prevent involvement with child protective services, intervention approaches, and resiliency in youth and their families. Part III is comprised of case vignettes, including an unaccompanied refugee minor from the Democratic Republic of Congo who runs away from her foster home, an Albanian family experiencing role changes and mental health concerns, and an asylum-seeking family affected by female genital circumcision.